Observational method as risk management tool: the Hvalfjörður tunnel project, Iceland

Rock tunnel construction is associated with considerable geotechnical uncertainty, often due to limited knowledge about the ground conditions. This warrants use of stringent risk management procedures reduce likelihood cost increases, delays, and structural failure events. The observational method promoted as a tool achieve cost-effective designs in cases large but its practical still limited. One reason may be lack guidelines experiences from previous projects where has been used. In this paper, we therefore present case study design under Hvalfjörður fjord Iceland, played key role that was performed deal challenging geological conditions at site. project success completed four months earlier than originally planned. light study, discuss definition Eurocode 7 related contractual aspects consider such projects.